Then things started to change in the 20th century... 'In the twentieth century, the Supreme Court began to expand the meaning of “state action” in a series of cases (beginning in the 1920s)' Sowell, Thomas. Knowledge And Decisions (p. 247). This expansion left a problem which is... 'What was left unresolved was not merely the question of where to draw the line—a “precise formula”—but on what principle.' Sowell, Thomas. Knowledge And Decisions (p. 248). And that is the state of the 14th amendment today. The expansion of the 14th amendment interpretation, reinterpretation or scope has exposed a problem and that is on what principle is the 14th amendment based.