Do higher on-chain fees reduce spam? If so what is the reason transaction volume being so low, lightning ETFs custodians in general? Healthy bitcoin is high fee Bitcoin? So that the incentives work squeezing the smaller less subjectively valuable transactions onto layer 2s. So the real primary threat comes from adoption of Custodians/Bitcoin exposure "products". Limiting actual use. Everybody agrees spam on chain is a problem but it is impossible to define what spam is externally. The only mechanism capable of removing spam are fees on an individual basis. BIP110 is like treating a symptom (spam) modern medicine rather than finding the source of the problem. When treating symptoms it keeps us from understanding the underlying problem and potentially increases the damage the underlying problem will cause. If you must to attack Bitcoin directly you will fail, the only real attack vector is to slightly manipulate incentives and allow Bitcoin to kill itself, BIP110? Problem: What is causing low on chain transaction volume/fees?